Contextual Studies: Sex and Sexuality

Theory and critical contexts behind issues of representation of sexuality

What do we mean by 'sexuality'
Distinct from 'gender' or biology
The expression of sexual identity through internal feelings and external behaviour
Can also refer to sexual activity (in particular visual representation)

Visual presentations of sexual expression (eroticism, pornography)
Identity representations of sexual expression (LGBT, asexualism, pansexualism)

Visual Representation
Eroticism (erotica)- aesthetic depiction of sexuality; may not involve nudity.

Pornography- explicit depiction of sexuality; usually via nudity and graphic sexual activity


Media Censorship 

Depictions of sex and sexuality in media; traditionally mediated by external censors
UK- broadcasting legalisation, watchdogs (Ofcom)
US- FCC (Federal Communications Commission.

Broadcast networks also have individual editorial guidelines
'Moral majority' also act as external watchdogs (Mary Whitehouse, national press)

Sexual Stereotypes
Libertine
Camp
'Butch'
Asexual

Ellen DeGeneres
Feminist gay icon
Right Wing christian groups pressured to drop; advertise pulled out
Drew 42Million viewers. Series dropped after 5th season but paved way for other shows




Queer Theory
Theorists such as Judith Butler argue gender and sexuality are social constructs informed by media and representation
Alternative to gay and lesbian critical theory which places sexuality in historical, social and political contexts.
Queer Theory allows for re-interpretation


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